*波幅长度的拒收基准 (UT) 根据与焊缝尺寸有关的各种指示额定值而允许的不连续性的最大长度，如表8.2和8.3所示。
*angle of bevel. See bevel angle.
*单边坡口角度见 见倾斜坡口角度.
arc gouging. Thermal gouging that uses an arc cutting process variation to form a bevel or groove.
电弧刨槽 用电弧切割方法形成斜面或坡口的热刨槽。
as-welded. The condition of weld metal, welded joints, and weldments after welding, but prior to any subsequent thermal, mechanical, or chemical treatments.
焊后状态（焊态） 焊后未经任何热处理、机加工或化学处理的焊缝金属、焊接接头和焊件的状态。
*attenuation (UT). The loss in acoustic energy which occurs between any two points of travel. This loss may be due to absorption, reflection, etc. (In this code, using the shear wave pulse-echo method of testing, the attenuation factor is 2 dB per inch of sound path distance after the first inch.)
*衰减 在声能传播中的任何二点间出现声能量的损耗。这种损耗可能由于吸收、反射等引起。（本规范用切变波脉冲回波测试法，衰减系数在声程距离上第一英寸之后为每英寸2 dB。）
automatic welding. Welding with equipment that requires only occasional or no observation of the welding, and no manual adjustment of the equipment controls. Variations of this term are automatic brazing, automatic soldering, automatic thermal cutting, and automatic thermal spraying.
自动焊接 用设备进行的焊接，焊接中仅需偶然照看或根本无需照看，并且不需人工调节设备的控制器。这一术语的变化形式有：自动硬钎焊，自动软钎焊，自动热切割和自动热喷涂。
*auxiliary attachments. Members or appurtenances attached to main stress-carrying members by welding. Such members may or may not carry loads.
*辅助附件 用焊接办法附加于主要承受应力部件上的部件或附件，这种部件可以或无需承受荷载。
average instantaneous power (AIP), waveform-controlled welding. The average of products of amperages and voltages determined at sampling frequencies sufficient to quantify waveform changes during a welding interval.
平均瞬时功率(AIP),波形控制焊接。在足够的采样频率上量化焊接过程中波形的变化，来确定的电流值和电压值乘积的平均值。
axis of a weld. See weld axis.
焊缝的中心线.见焊缝轴线。
B
backgouging. The removal of weld metal and base metal from the weld root side of a welded joint to facilitate complete fusion and CJP upon subsequent welding from that side.
清根 从已焊接头焊缝根部一面清除焊缝金属和母材金属，以便接着从该面施焊时完全熔合和接头完全熔透（CJP）。
backing. A material or device placed against the back side of the joint, or at both sides of a weld in ESW and EGW, to support and retain molten weld metal. The material may be partially fused or remain unfused during welding and may be either metal or nonmetal.
衬垫 紧靠接头背面放置的、或者放置在电渣焊和气电焊焊缝两侧的材料或器件，用以承托和保持熔化的焊缝金属。焊接时， 这种材料可以部分熔化或者不发生熔化，其材质既可以是金属，也可以是非金属。
backing pass. A weld pass made for a backing weld.
背部焊道 背部焊缝的焊道。
backing ring. Backing in the form of a ring, generally used in the welding of pipe.
衬环 环形衬垫，一般用于管材的焊接。
backing weld. Backing in the form of a weld.
打底焊缝 焊缝形式的衬垫。
*backup weld (tubular structures). The initial closing pass in a CJP groove weld, made from one side only, which serves as a backing for subsequent welding, but is not considered as a part of the theoretical weld (Figures 10.9 through 10.11, Details C and D).
*打底焊缝（管子结构） 仅从一面施焊的接头完全熔秀（CJP）坡口焊缝的初始封焊焊道。用作后续焊接的衬垫，但不视为理论焊缝的一部分（图10.9～图10.11中详图C和D）。
back weld. A weld made at the back of a single groove weld.
背部焊缝 施焊于单面坡口焊缝背部的焊缝。
base metal. The metal or alloy that is welded, brazed, soldered, or cut.
母材 被电焊、铜焊（硬钎焊）、锡焊（软钎焊）或切割的金属或合金。
bevel angle. The angle between the bevel of a joint member and a plane perpendicular to the surface of the member.
倾斜坡口角度 接头构件的斜面与垂直于构件表面的平面之间的夹角。
box tubing. Tubular product of square or rectangular cross section. See tubular.
方形管 正方形或矩形横截面的管材产品。见管材。
*brace intersection angle, θ (tubular structures). The acute angle formed between brace centerlines.
*支管交角θ（管结构） 支管中心线之间形成的锐角。
*Building Code. The building law or specification or other construction regulations in conjunction with which this code is applied.
*建筑规范 适用本规范的建筑法律或规范或其他的建造条例。
NOTE: In the absence of any locally applicable building law or specifications or other construction regulations, it is recommended that the construction be required to comply with the Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (AISC).
注：当缺少任何当地适用的建筑法律或规范或其他建造条例时，则建议建造应符合《钢结构建筑规范》（AISC）的要求。
butt joint. A joint between two members aligned approximately in the same plane.
对接接头 对齐并大约在同一平面内的两构件间的接头。
butt weld. A nonstandard term for a weld in a butt joint. See butt joint.
对接焊缝 对接接头焊缝的非标准术语，见对接接头。
C
*cap pass. One or more weld passes that form the weld face (exposed surface of completed weld). Adjacent cap passes may partially cover, but not completely cover, a cap pass.
*盖面焊道 形成焊缝表面（完工焊缝的外露表面）的一条或多条焊道。相邻的盖面焊道可以部分覆盖另一盖面焊道，但不完全复盖。
*caulking. Plastic deformation of weld and base metal surfaces by mechanical means to seal or obscure discontinuities.
*捻缝 用机械方法使焊缝金属和母材表面塑性变形来封闭或掩盖缺陷。
complete fusion. Fusion over the entire fusion faces and between all adjoining weld beads.
完全熔合 遍及整个熔合面的以及所有相邻焊道间的熔合。
complete joint penetration（CJP）. A joint root condition in a groove weld in which weld metal extends through the joint thickness.
接头完全熔透（CJP） 坡口焊缝接头根部的状态，焊缝金属扩展穿透整个接头厚度。
*Computed radiography (CR).
*计算机放射成像(CR).
*CJP groove weld (statically and cyclically loaded structures). A groove weld which has been made from both sides or from one side on a backing having CJP and fusion of weld and base metal throughout the depth of the joint.
*接头完全熔透坡口焊缝（静荷载和周期荷载结构） 从两面施焊或仅从一面在衬垫上施焊的坡口焊缝，且在接头的整个厚度内焊缝和母材完全熔透并熔合
*CJP groove weld (tubular structures). A groove weld having CJP and fusion of weld and base metal throughout the depth of the joint or as detailed in Figures 10.4, 10.7 through10.11, and10.19. A CJP tubular groove weld made from one side only, without backing, is allowed where the size or configuration, or both, prevent access to the root side of the weld.
*接头完全熔透坡口焊缝（管结构） 在接头的整个厚度内，焊缝金属与母材完全熔透并充分熔合的坡口焊缝，或如图10.4、 图10.7～图10.11和图10.19的详图所示。当由于尺寸或形状或同时两者而不能进入焊缝根部一侧时，则允许不用衬垫仅从一侧 施焊而制作接头完全熔透（CJP）的管子坡口焊缝。
complete penetration. A nonstandard term for CJP. See complete joint penetration.
完全熔透 接头完全熔透的非标准术语。见接头完全熔透。
construction aid weld. A weld made to attach a piece or pieces to a weldment for temporary use in handling, shipping, or working on the structure.
结构辅助焊缝 为了在焊接件上附加一个或几个小件，以便临时用于搬运、装载或在结构上工作而作的焊缝。
consumable guide ESW. See ESW，consumable guide.
熔咀电渣焊 见电渣焊，熔咀。
continuous weld. A weld that extends continuously from one end of a joint to the other. Where the joint is essentially circular, it extends completely around the joint.
连续焊缝 从接头的一端连续延伸至另一端的焊缝。当接头基本上为环形时，焊缝完全环绕接头。
*contract documents. Any codes, specifications, drawings, or additional requirements that are contractually specified by the Owner.
*合同文件 由业主用合同规定的任何规范、技术条件、图纸或补充要求。
*Contractor. Any company, or that individual representing a company, responsible for the fabrication, erection manufacturing or welding, in conformance with the provisions of this code.
*承包商 按照本规范条款，对制作、安装、加工或焊接负责的任何公司或代表公司的个人。
*Contractor’s Inspector. The duly designated person who acts for, and in behalf of, the Contractor on all inspection and quality matters within the scope of the code and of the contract documents.
*承包商检验员 在本规范和合同文件范围内，代表承包商利益或代理承包商处理所有检验和质量事务的正式指定人员。
corner joint. A joint between two members located approximately at right angles to each other in the form of an L.
角接接头 放置成约90°且相互形成L形的两构件之间的接头。
*cover pass. See cap pass.
*盖面焊道 见cap pass。
CO2 welding. A nonstandard term for GMAW with carbon dioxide shielding gas.
CO2焊接 用CO2气体保护的气体保护熔化极电弧焊（GMAW）的非标准术语。
crater. A depression in the weld face at the termination of a weld bead.
弧坑 焊道末端焊缝表面的凹陷。
* Charpy V-notch （CVN）..
— *夏比V形缺口（CVN）
D
* digital detector array (DDA).
*数字探测器阵列(DDA)
*decibel (dB) (UT). The logarithmic expression of a ratio of two amplitudes or intensities of acoustic energy.
分贝 (dB) (UT) 两个声能波幅或强度比的对数表达式。
*decibel rating (UT). See preferred term indication rating.
*分贝额定值(UT) 见首选术语指示额定值。
defect. A discontinuity or discontinuities that by nature or accumulated effect (for example total crack length) render a part or product unable to meet minimum applicable acceptance standards or specifications. This term designates rejectability.
缺陷 一个部件或产品因原生或累积作用（如裂纹总长）而有一个或多个不连续性，使其不符合最低可用合格标准或技术条 件。这一术语具有不合格的含意。
defective weld. A weld containing one or more defects.
缺陷焊缝 有一个或多个缺陷的焊缝。
*defect level (UT). See indication level.
*指示值 见读数值。
*defect rating (UT). See indication rating.
*指示评定值(UT) 见指示额定值。
depth of fusion. The distance that fusion extends into the base metal or previous bead from the surface melted during welding.
熔深 在焊接时熔融金属从表面延伸到母材金属或先焊焊缝的深度。
*dihedral angle. See local dihedral angle. discontinuity. An interruption of the typical structure of a material, such as a lack of homogeneity in its mechanical or metallurgical, or physical characteristics. A discontinuity is not necessarily a defect.
*二面角 见局部二面角。不连续性。材料特有的组织中断，例如缺少力学的、或冶金的、或物理性能的均质性。不连续性不一定是缺陷。
downhand. A nonstandard term for flat welding position.
俯焊 平焊位置的非标准术语
*direct radiography (DR).
*数字化直接成像系统(DR)
*drawings. Refers to plans design and detail drawings, and erection plans.
*图纸 指的是方案设计图、详图及安装图。
E
*edge angle (tubular structures). The acute angle between a bevel edge made in preparation for welding and a tangent to the member surface, measured locally in a plane perpendicular to the intersection line. All bevels open to outside of brace.
*边缘角（管结构） 在为焊接而制备的削斜面和部件表面切线间所夹的锐角，在垂直于交线的平面内测量。所有削斜面都朝向支管外。
*effective length of weld. The length throughout which the correctly proportioned cross section of the weld exists. In a curved weld, it shall be measured along the weld axis.
* 焊缝有效长度 整个具有适当匀称横截面的焊缝长度。对于弯曲焊缝，必须沿焊缝轴线测量。
electrogas welding (EGW). An arc welding process that uses an arc between a continuous filler metal electrode and the weld pool, employing approximately vertical welding progression with backing to confine the molten weld metal. The process is used with or without an externally supplied shielding gas and without the application of pressure.
气电焊（EGW） 一种电弧焊方法，它利用连续的填充金属焊丝和熔池之间产生的电弧，采用挡块约束熔融的焊缝金属， 在接近于立焊的位置进行上升方式的焊接，可采用或不用外部供应的保护气体，但不施加压力。
electroslag welding (ESW). A welding process that produces coalescence of metals with molten slag that melts the filler metal and the surfaces of the workpieces. The weld pool is shielded by this slag, which moves along the full cross section of the joint as welding progresses. The process is initiated by an arc that heats the slag. The arc is then extinguished by the conductive slag, which is kept molten by its resistance to electric current passing between the electrode and the workpieces.
电渣焊(ESW) 一种焊接方法，它利用熔融的焊渣熔化填充金属和工件表面及随后使金属凝固结合，焊接熔池由这种熔渣保护，焊接进行时熔池沿接头整个横截面移动。焊接先由电弧加热焊剂（焊渣）开始，当电流在焊条（焊丝）和工件之间流过时，由于焊剂的电阻而使焊剂保持熔融状态，熔融焊剂（焊渣）是导电的，于是电弧熄灭。
ESW， consumable guide. An electroslag welding process variation in which filler metal is supplied by an electrode and its guiding member.
电渣焊，熔咀 电渣焊的一种形式，其填充金属为焊丝和导丝咀。
*end return. The continuation of a fillet weld around a corner of a member as an extension of the principal weld.
*端部绕焊 角焊缝围绕部件转角部分的延续（包角），作为该主要焊缝的延伸部分。
*Engineer. A duly designated individual who acts for and in behalf of the Owner on all matters within the scope of the code.
*工程师 在规范范围内所有事务上代表和代理业主办事的正式指定的个人。
F
*fatigue. Fatigue, as used herein, is defined as the damage that may result in fracture after a sufficient number of stress fluctuations.
Stress range is defined as the peak-to-trough magnitude of these fluctuations. In the case of stress reversal, stress range shall be computed as the numerical sum (algebraic difference) of maximum repeated tensile and compressive stresses, or the sum of shearing stresses of opposite direction at a given point, resulting from changing conditions of load.
*疲劳 这里所使用的“疲劳”，定义为在足够次数的应力波动后可能导致断裂的损坏。应力范围定义为这些波动的波峰至波谷的幅度。在应力相反变化的情况下，由于荷载条件的变化，应力范围必须按最大的重复拉应力和压应力的数值总和（代数差）来计算，或按给定的点相反方向剪应力的总和来计算。
faying surface. The mating surface of a member that is in contact with or in close proximity to another member to which it is to be joined.
贴合面 一构件与另一待连接构件接触或非常接近的紧密贴合表面。
filler metal. The metal or alloy to be added in making a welded, brazed, or soldered joint.
填充金属 制作焊接接头、硬钎焊接头或软钎焊接头时添加的金属或合金。
fillet weld leg. The distance from the joint root to the toe of the fillet weld.
角焊缝焊脚 从接头根部到角焊缝趾的距离。
fin. A defect in a bar or other rolled section caused by the steel spreading into the clearance between the rolls. This produces a thick overfill which, if rolled again, usually becomes a lap.
结疤 由于钢扩散到轧辊之间的间隙而造成的棒或其它轧制部分的缺陷。这使得形成一层较厚的溢出，如果再次滚动，通常 会变成一层搭接
flare-bevel-groove weld. A weld in the groove formed between a joint member with a curved surface and another with a planar surface.
喇叭形-斜边坡口焊缝 由一曲坡面构件与另一平坡面构件之间形成的坡口焊缝。
*flash. The material which is expelled or squeezed out of a weld joint and which forms around the weld.
*飞边 从焊缝接头挤压出并成形于焊缝周围的材料。
flat welding position. The welding position used to weld from the upper side of the joint at a point where the weld axis is approximately horizontal, and the weld face lies in an approximately horizontal plane.
平焊位置 从接头的上部某一点上进行焊接的焊接位置，这时焊缝轴线接近水平，焊缝表面也大约为水平面。
flux cored arc welding (FCAW). An arc welding process that uses an arc between a continuous filler metal electrode and the weld pool. The process is used with shielding gas from a flux contained within the tubular electrode, with or without additional shielding from an externally supplied gas, and without the application of pressure.
药芯焊丝电弧焊(FCAW) 一种电弧焊接方法，利用连续的填充金属焊丝和焊接熔池之间产生电弧进行焊接。此法采用包含在管状焊丝中的焊剂产生的保护气体，使用或不用外部供给的气体进行补充保护，但不加压力。
* flux cored arc welding—gas shielded (FCAW-G). A flux cored arc welding process variation in which additional shielding is obtained from an externally supplied gas or gas mixture.
*药芯焊丝电弧焊—气体保护(FCAW-G) 药芯焊丝电弧焊的一种形式，其中补充的保护来自外部供给的气体或混合气体。
* flux cored arc welding—self shielded (FCAW-S). A flux cored arc welding process where shielding is exclusively provided by a flux contained within the tubular electrode.
*药芯焊丝电弧焊-自保护(FCAW-S) 药芯焊丝电弧焊的一种形式，其中保护仅由管状焊丝中包含的焊剂提供。
fusion. The melting together of filler metal and base metal (substrate), or of base metal only, to produce a weld.
熔化 填充金属和母材（基体）一起熔化，或仅母材熔化而形成焊缝。
fusion line. The boundary between weld metal and base metal in a fusion weld.
熔合线 熔接焊缝中金属与母材之间的边界
*fusion-type discontinuity. Signifies slag inclusion, incomplete fusion, incomplete joint penetration, and similar discontinuities associated with fusion.
*熔合型缺陷 夹渣、不完全熔合、接头不完全熔透和类似的与熔合有关的缺陷。
fusion zone. The area of base metal melted as determined on the cross section of a weld.
熔化区 在焊缝横截面上确定的熔化过的母材区域。
G
gas metal arc welding (GMAW). An arc welding process that uses an arc between a continuous filler metal electrode and the weld pool. The process is used with shielding from an externally supplied gas and without the application of pressure.
气体保护熔化极电弧焊(GMAW) 一种电弧焊接方法，利用连续的填充金属焊丝和焊接熔池之间产生的电弧进行焊接。此法使用外部供给的气体进行保护，但不加压力。
gas metal arc welding-short circuit arc (GMAW-S). A gas metal arc welding process variation in which the consumable electrode is
deposited during repeated short circuits.
气体保护熔化极电弧焊-短路电弧(GMAW-S) 气体保护熔化极是弧焊的一种形式，其焊丝靠重复短路过程熔敷。
gas pocket. A nonstandard term for porosity.
气泡 气孔的非标准术语。
Geometric unsharpness Ug). The fuzziness or lack of definition in a radiographic image resulting from the combination of source size, object-to-film distance, and source-to object- distance.
几何不清晰度Ug) 由于射线源规格、物体到胶片距离和射线源到物体距离的组合原因而造成的射线成像的模糊或清晰度不够。
gouging. See thermal gouging.
刨槽 见热刨槽。
groove angle. The total included angle of the groove between workpieces.
坡口角度 两工件间坡口的整个夹角。
*groove angle, θ (tubular structures). The angle between opposing faces of the groove to be filled with weld metals, determined after the joint is fit-up.
*坡口角度θ （管结构） 要用焊缝金属充填的坡口的两个相对面间的角度。此角度须由接头装配后确定。
groove face. The surface of a joint member included in the groove.
坡口表面 包含在坡口中的接头部件的表面。
groove weld. A weld made in the groove between the workpieces.
坡口焊缝 施焊于工件之间坡口中的焊缝。
H
heat-affected zone (HAZ). The portion of the base metal whose mechanical properties or microstructure have been altered by the heat of welding, brazing, soldering, or thermal cutting.
热影响区(HAZ) 母材中由于焊接、硬钎焊、软钎焊或热切割的加热而改变了力学性能或显微组织的部分。
horizontal fixed position (pipe welding). The position of a pipe joint in which the axis of the pipe is approximately horizontal, and the pipe is not rotated during welding (see Figures 6.1, 6.2, and 10.12).
水平固定位置（管子焊接） 管子接头的焊接位置。焊接时，管子轴线约呈水平，且管子不旋转。见图6.1、 6.2和10.12。
horizontal welding position, fillet weld. The welding position in which the weld is on the upper side of an approximately horizontal surface and against an approximately vertical surface (see Figures 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, and 6.4).
横焊位置，角焊缝 在约呈水平的表面的上侧紧靠着约呈垂直的表面施焊。见图6.1、6.2、 6.3和6.4)。
*horizontal reference line (UT). A horizontal line near the center of the UT instrument scope to which all echoes are adjusted for dB reading.
*水平基准线 (UT) 靠近超声波检测仪器屏幕中心的一根水平线，所有回波据此调整得到分贝读数。
horizontal rotated position (pipe welding). The position of a pipe joint in which the axis of the pipe is approximately horizontal, and welding is performed in the flat position by rotating the pipe (see Figures 6.1, 6.2, and 10.12).
水平旋转位置（管子焊接） 管子接头的焊接位置。焊接时，管子轴线约呈水平，管子旋转，焊接在平焊位置进行。见图6.1、 6.2和10.12。
*hot-spot strain (tubular structures). The cyclic total range of strain which would be measured at the point of highest stress concentration in a welded connection.
*热点应变（管结构） 应变的周期总范围。测量该应变应在焊接连接的最高应力集中点。
NOTE: When measuring hot-spot strain, the strain gage should be sufficiently small to avoid averaging high and low strains in the regions of steep gradients.
注：当测量热点应变时，应采用足够小的应变片，以免陡峻梯度区域里的高、低应变受到平均。
I
* image quality indicator (IQI). A device whose image in a radiograph is used to determine RT quality level. It is not intended for use in judging the size nor for establishing acceptance limits of discontinuities.
*像质计(IQI) 用其在射线照片上的成像确定射线照片质量的装置。它既不用来评判缺陷的尺寸，也不用以确定缺陷的合格界限。
*indication (UT). The signal displayed on the oscilloscope signifying the presence of a sound wave reflector in the part being tested.
*读数（指示）(UT) 显示于示波器上的信号，意味着被检测部分存在声波反射体。
*indication level (UT). The calibrated gain or attenuation control reading obtained for a reference line height indication from a discontinuity.
*读数值（指示值）(UT) 由某一焊缝缺陷产生相对于基线的高度指示值，经校准过的增益或衰减控制器而获得的读数。
*indication rating (UT). The decibel reading in relation to the zero reference level after having been corrected for sound attenuation.
*指示额定值 (UT) 按声波衰减修正后相对于零值基准线的分贝读数。
intermittent weld. A weld in which the continuity is broken by recurring unwelded spaces.
断续焊缝 被重复发生的未焊的间隔阻断了连续性的焊缝。
interpass temperature. In a multipass weld, the temperature of the weld area between weld passes.
道间温度 多道焊中，两焊道之间焊缝区域的温度。
J
joint. The junction of members or the edges of members that are to be joined or have been joined.
接头 待连接或已连接的构件的接合区或构件边缘的接合区。
joint penetration. The distance the weld metal extends from the weld face into a joint, exclusive of weld reinforcement.
接头熔深 焊缝金属从焊缝表面向接头内延伸的距离，不包括焊缝余高。
joint root. That portion of a joint to be welded where the members approach closest to each other. In cross section, the joint root may be either a point, a line, or an area.
接头根部 待焊接头中，构件相互靠得最近的部分。在横截面中，接头根部可以是一个点，一条线，或一个区域。
L
lap joint. A joint between two overlapping members in parallel planes.
搭接接头 以两平行平面相互搭接的构件接头。
*layer. A stratum of weld metal or surfacing material. The layer may consist of one or more weld beads laid side by side.
*焊层 焊缝金属的层或堆焊的材料。焊层可以由一条焊道或多道边靠边的焊道组成。
*leg (UT). The path the shear wave travels in a straight line before being reflected by the surface of material being tested. See sketch for leg identification. Note: Leg I plus leg II equals one V-path.
*波程 (UT) 从被检测材料的表面反射之前剪切波的直线传播路径。见波程辨别简图。注：波程I加上波程II等于一个V形路径。
leg of a fillet weld. See fillet weld leg.
角焊缝焊脚 见fillet weld leg。
*local dihedral angle, θ (tubular structures). The angle, measured in a plane perpendicular to the line of the weld, between tangents to the outside surfaces of the tubes being joined at the weld. The exterior dihedral angle, where one looks at a localized section of the connection, such that the intersecting surfaces may be treated as planes.
— *局部二面角，θ （管结构） 在垂直于焊缝线的平面内进行测量，在焊缝处所连接的管子外表面切线间所夹角度。这个外表面的二面角，当朝连接的局部断面看时，可以将相交表面作为平面。
M
manual welding. Welding with the torch, gun or electrode holder held and manipulated by hand. Accessory equipment, such as part motion devices and manually controlled filler material feeders may be used. See automatic welding, mechanized welding, and semiautomatic welding.
手工焊 用手握持并操纵焊炬、焊枪或焊钳而进行的焊接。可以采用诸如零件运动装置和手控焊接材料进给装置等辅助设备。见自动焊接、机械化焊接和半自动焊。
mechanized process (XXXX-ME). An operation with equipment requiring manual adjustment by an operator in response to visual observation, with the torch, gun, wire guide assembly, or electrode holder held by a mechanical device. See mechanized welding.
mechanized welding (W-ME). See mechanized process.
机械化过程（XXXX-ME）操作者采用机械装置握持的焊炬、焊枪、焊丝导向总成或焊钳对目视观察进行响应，从而进行手动调整的一种用设备进行的作业，见机械化焊接。
mechanized welding (W-ME). See mechanized process.
机械化焊接(W-ME)。见机械化过程。
* Magnetic particle testing (MT).
*磁粉检测(MT)。
N
*nondestructive testing (NDT). The process of determining acceptability of a material or a component in accordance with established criteria without impairing its future usefulness.
无损检测。按照已经确立的准则且不损害其未来使用性，来确定一种材料或一个部件的合格率的过程。
*node (UT). See leg.
*波程。见Leg。
*nominal tensile strength of the weld metal. The tensile strength of the weld metal indicated by the classification number of the filler metal (e.g., nominal tensile strength of E60XX is 60 ksi [420 MPa]).
* 焊缝金属的公称拉伸强度 由填充金属的分类数字所表示的焊缝金属的拉伸强度 (如E60XX焊条的公称拉抻强度为60ksi [420MPa])。
O
* Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). A single Contractor that assumes some or all of the responsibilities assigned by this code to the Engineer.
*最初设备制造者(OEM) 一单独的承包商，对工程师承担本规范赋予的部分或全部责任。
overhead welding position. The welding position in which welding is performed from the underside of the joint (see Figures 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, and 6.4).
仰焊位置 从接头下方进行焊接的位置。见图6.1、 6.2、 6.3和6.4。
overlap, fusion welding. The protrusion of weld metal beyond the weld toe or weld root.
焊瘤，熔焊 焊缝金属超出焊缝趾部或根部的隆起物。
*Owner. The individual or company that exercises legal ownership of the product or structural assembly produced to this code.
*业主 行使按本规范生产的产品或结构总成的合法所有权的个人或公司。
oxygen cutting (OC). A group of thermal cutting processes that severs or removes metal by means of the chemical reaction between oxygen and the base metal at elevated temperature. The necessary temperature is maintained by the heat from an arc, an oxyfuel gas flame, or other source.
氧气切割 (OC) 借助高温下氧气和母材间的化学反应而切断或切去金属的一组热切割方法。所需温度可由来自电弧、氧气燃料火焰或其他能源的加热而维持。
oxygen gouging. Thermal gouging that uses an oxygen cutting process variation to form a bevel or groove.
氧气刨槽 采用氧气切割过程的一种变化而形成斜面或坡口的热刨槽方法
P
*parallel electrode. See SAW.
*并联焊丝 见埋弧焊。
partial joint penetration (PJP). Joint penetration that is intentionally less than complete.
接头部分熔透 有意地使接头熔深小于接头完全熔透者。
pass. See weld pass.
焊道 见weld pass。
peening. The mechanical working of metals using impact blows.
锺击 用冲击式打击对金属进行的机械加工。
*pipe. Hollow circular cross section produced or manufactured in accordance with a pipe product specification. See tubular.
*管子 按管子产品规范加工或生产的中空圆形横截面产品。见管材。
*piping porosity (ESW and EGW). Elongated porosity whose major dimension lies in a direction approximately parallel to the weld axis.
*管状气孔（电渣焊和气电焊） 长条形气孔，其主要尺寸大致平行于焊缝轴线方向。
*piping porosity (general). Elongated porosity whose major dimension lies in a direction approximately normal to the weld surface. Frequently referred to as pin holes when the porosity extends to the weld surface.
*管状气孔（常规） 长条形气孔，其主要尺寸大致垂直于焊缝表面的方向，当其延伸至焊缝表面时常被称为针孔 。
plug weld. A weld made in a circular hole in one member of a joint fusing that member to another member. A fillet-welded hole shall not be construed as conforming to this definition.
塞焊 在接头的一个构件的圆孔中施焊，使该构件与另一构件熔合的焊缝。焊有角焊缝的孔不符合这一定义。
porosity. Cavity-type discontinuities formed by gas entrapment during solidification or in a thermal spray deposit.
气孔 凝固过程或热喷涂熔敷中，由于气体停滞于某处而形成的空穴型不连续性。
positioned weld. A weld made in a joint that has been placed to facilitate making the weld.
定位焊缝 为便于进行焊接而在已经定位的接头中施焊的焊缝。
*postweld heat treatment. Any heat treatment after welding.
*焊后热处理 焊接之后进行的任何热处理。
preheating. The application of heat to the base metal immediately before welding, brazing, soldering, thermal spraying, or cutting.
预热 焊接、硬钎焊、软钎焊、热喷涂或切割即将实施前对母材的加热。
preheat temperature, welding. The temperature of the base metal in the volume surrounding the point of welding immediately before welding is started. In a multiple-pass weld, it is also the temperature immediately before the second and subsequent passes are started.
预热温度（焊接用） 即将开始焊接前转绕焊接点一定体积母材的温度。在多道焊缝中，也指即将施焊第二或后续焊道前的 温度。
* Liquid penetrant testing (PT).
*液体渗透检测(PT)
* Postweld heat treatment (PWHT).
— *焊后热处理(PWHT)
Q
qualification. See welder performance qualification and WPS qualification.
评定 见焊工资格评定和WPS（焊接工艺规程）评定。
R
random sequence. A longitudinal sequence in which the weld bead increments are made at random.
随机顺序 随机作出焊道增量的纵向顺序。
*reference level (UT). The decibel reading obtained for a horizontal reference-line height indication from a reference reflector.
*对比基准 (UT) 从参考反射体的水平基准线高度指示值得来的分贝读数。
*reference reflector (UT). The reflector of known geometry contained in the IIW reference block or other approved blocks.
*参考（对比）反射体（UT） 包含在IIW对比试块或其他认可的试块中已知几何形状的反射体。
reinforcement of weld. See weld reinforcement.
焊缝余高 见weld reinforcement
*resolution (UT). The ability of UT equipment to give separate indications from closely spaced reflectors.
*分辨力 (UT) 超声设备能给予间距密集的反射体以各自指示的能力。
root face. That portion of the groove face within the joint root.
钝边 在接头根部内的那一部分坡口面。
root gap. A nonstandard term for root opening. root of joint. See joint root.
根部间隙 root opening的非标准术语。接头根部见 joint root。
root of weld. See weld root.
焊缝根部 见 weld root。
root opening. A separation at the joint root between the workpieces.
根部间隙 在二工件间接头根部的分隔距离。
* Radiographic testing(RT).
*射线检测(RT)
S
*single electrode. One electrode connected exclusively to one power source which may consist of one or more power units.
*单焊丝 一根焊丝单独地连接于一个电源，该电源可以由一个或多个电源装置组成。
*parallel electrode. Two electrodes connected electrically in parallel and exclusively to the same power source. Both electrodes are usually fed by means of a single electrode feeder. Welding current, when specified, is the total for the two.
*并联焊丝 两根焊丝在电路上并联而各自连接于同一电源。这两根焊丝通常用一个送丝装置送丝。当指定时，焊接电流是 两根焊丝的总和。
*multiple electrodes. The combination of two or more single or parallel electrode systems. Each of the component systems has its own independent power source and its own electrode feeder.
*多焊丝 两个或多个单焊丝或并联焊丝系统的组合。每个组成系统具有自己独立的电源及自己的送丝机构。
*scanning level (UT). The dB setting used during scanning, as described in Tables 8.2 and 8.3.
*扫查水平 扫查时所用的dB设定，如表8.2和8.3所述。
semiautomatic welding. Manual welding with equipment that automatically controls one or more of the welding conditions.
半自动焊 用带有自动控制一个或多个焊接参数的焊接设备进行的手工焊接。
*shelf bar. Steel plates, bars, or similar elements used to support the overflow of excess weld metal deposited in a horizontal groove weld joint.
*挡板 在横焊坡口焊缝接头中，用以支持过多熔敷的焊缝金属溢出的钢板、钢条或类似物件。
shielded metal arc welding (SMAW). An arc welding process with an arc between a covered electrode and the weld pool. The process is used with shielding from the decomposition of the electrode covering, without the application of pressure, and with filler
metal from the electrode.
药皮焊条电弧焊(SMAW) 一种电弧焊方法，利用药皮焊条和熔池之间产生的电弧进行焊接。其保护来自焊条药皮的分解， 填充金属来自焊条，不施加压力。
shielding gas. Protective gas used to prevent or reduce atmospheric contamination.
保护气体 用以阻止或减少大气污染的保护性气体。
single-welded joint. A joint that is welded from one side only.
单面焊接头 仅从一面焊接的接头。
size of weld. See weld size.
焊缝尺寸 见weld size。
slot weld. A weld made in an elongated hole in one member of a joint fusing that member to another member. The hole may be open
at one end. A fillet welded slot shall not be construed as conforming to this definition.
槽焊 在接头的一个构件的长孔中施焊的使该构件与另一构件熔合的焊缝。孔的一端可呈开口状。焊有角焊缝的槽孔不符
合这一定义。
*sound beam distance (UT). See sound path distance.
*声程距离(UT) 见sound path distance。
*sound path distance (UT). The distance between the search unit test material interface and the reflector as measured along the
centerline of the sound beam.
*声程距离 (UT) 自探头测试的材料界面至反射体之间的距离，沿声波束中心线量得。
*storage phosphor imaging plate (SPIP).
*储存荧光成象板(SPIP)
spatter. The metal particles expelled during fusion welding that do not form a part of the weld.
飞溅 在熔化焊接过程中飞出的金属颗粒，它们不构成焊缝的一部分。
stringer bead. A type of weld bead made without appreciable weaving motion.
窄焊道 焊接时无明显横向摆动的焊道类型。
*stud base. The stud tip at the welding end, including flux and container, and 1/8 in [3 mm] of the body of the stud adjacent to the tip.
*螺柱焊接端 焊接端部的螺柱尖顶，它包括焊剂及其保持器，以及邻近尖顶1/8in. [3mm] 的螺柱体。
*stud welding (SW). An arc welding process that produces coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc between a metal stud, or similar part, and the other workpiece. When the surfaces to be joined are properly heated, they are brought together under pressure. Partial shielding may be obtained by the use of a ceramic ferrule surrounding the stud. Shielding gas or flux may or may not be used.
*螺柱焊 一种电弧焊接方法。利用金属螺柱、或类似部件与其他工件之间产生的电弧进行加热，使它们形成金属的结合。当待连接的表面适当加热时，施加压力使之结合为一体。可以采用围绕螺柱的陶瓷护套提供局部保护。可以采用保护气体或 焊剂，也可以不用。
submerged arc welding (SAW). An arc welding process that uses an arc or arcs between a bare metal electrode or electrodes and the weld pool. The arc and molten metal are shielded by a blanket of granular flux on the workpieces. The process is used without pressure and with filler metal from the electrode and sometimes from a supplemental source (welding rod, flux, or metal granules).
埋弧焊 利用一根或数根裸金属焊丝与焊接熔池之间产生的一个或数个电弧进行焊接的方法。电弧与熔化的金属由一层铺 在工件上的颗粒状焊剂保护。本方法不采用压力，填充金属来自焊丝，有时有补充来源如焊条、焊剂或金属颗粒。
T
tack weld. A weld made to hold parts of a weldment in proper alignment until the final welds are made.
定位焊缝 在最终焊缝施焊前，用来将焊件的一些部件保持于适当的对准位置的焊缝（临时点焊）。
*tack welder. A fitter, or someone under the direction of a fitter, who tack welds parts of a weldment to hold them in proper alignment until the final welds are made.
*定位焊工 最终焊缝施焊前，为了将焊件的一些部件保持于合适的对准位置，进行定位焊的装配工，或装配工指导下的人员。
*tandem. Refers to a geometrical arrangement of electrodes in which a line through the arcs is parallel to the direction of welding.
*纵列焊丝焊接 系指多根焊丝的几何排列，通过电弧的连线平行于焊接方向。
thermal gouging. A thermal cutting process variation that removes metal by melting or burning the entire removed portion, to form a bevel or groove.
热刨槽 热切割过程的变种，它用熔化或燃烧来完全清除要除去的那部份金属，以形成斜面或坡口。
throat of a fillet weld.
角焊缝焊缝厚度
actual throat. The shortest distance between the weld root and the face of a fillet weld.
实际焊缝厚度 角焊缝根部至角焊缝面之间的最短距离。
theoretical throat. The distance from the beginning of the joint root perpendicular to the hypotenuse of the largest right triangle that can be inscribed within the cross section of a fillet weld. This dimension is based on the assumption that the root opening is equal to zero.
理论焊缝厚度 在角焊缝横截面内作最大的内接直角三角形，从接头根部的起点到该直角三角形斜边的垂直距离即是。这一尺寸是建立在假设根部间隙为零的基础上的。
throat of a groove weld. A nonstandard term for groove weld size.
坡口焊缝的焊缝厚度 坡口焊缝尺寸（groove weld size）的非标准术语
T-joint. A joint between two members located approximately at right angles to each other in the form of a T.
T形接头 二构件相互放置成接近90°角而成T形的接头。
toe of weld. See weld toe.
焊趾 见weld toe。
*transverse discontinuity. A weld discontinuity whose major dimension is in a direction perpendicular to the weld axis “X,” see Annex P, Form P-11.
*横向不连续性 长的尺寸垂直于焊缝“X”轴的不连续性，见附录P，表格P -11。
*tubular. A generic term that refers to sections including pipe products (see pipe) and the family of square, rectangular, and round hollow-section products produced or manufactured in accordance with a tubular product specification. Also referred to as hollow structural section (HSS).
*管材 是指按管材规范生产或加工的，包括管子（见pipe）和正方的、矩形的和圆形的中空截面产品家族型材的通用术语。也可称之为中空结构型钢（HSS）。
*tubular connection. A connection in the portion of a structure that contains two or more intersecting members, at least one of which is a tubular member.
*管材连接 结构的连接部分，它包含两个或两个以上相交构件，其中至少一个是管材构件。
*tubular joint. A joint in the interface created by a tubular member intersecting another member (which may or may not be tubular).
*管材接头 由管材构件与另一构件（此构件可以是也可以不是管形的）相交而形成于交界面内的接头。
U
*unacceptable discontinuity. See defect.
*不合格的不连续性 见缺陷.
undercut. A groove melted into the base metal adjacent to the weld toe or weld root and left unfilled by weld metal.
*咬边 熔蚀邻近焊缝趾部或焊缝根部的母材，且未被焊缝金属填满的沟槽。
* Ultrasonic testing (UT).
*超声检测(UT)
V
*Verification Inspector. The duly designated person who acts for, and in behalf of, the Owner on all inspection and quality matters designated by the Engineer.
*监造检验员 为了业主的利益，在工程师指定的所有检验和质量事务方面代表业主的正式指定人员。
vertical welding position. The welding position in which the weld axis, at the point of welding, is approximately vertical, and the weld face lies in an approximately vertical plane (see Figures 6.1, 6.2, 6.3,and 6.4).
立焊位置 焊接点处的焊缝轴线接近于垂直，且焊缝表面大致位于垂直平面内的焊接位置（见图6.1、 6.2、6.3和6.4）。
*vertical position (pipe welding). The position of a pipe joint in which welding is performed in the horizontal position and the pipe is not rotated during welding (see Figures 6.1, 6.2,and 10.12).
垂直位置（管焊接） 以横焊位置进行焊接的管接头位置，焊接时管不旋转（见图 6.1、 6.2和10.12。）
*V-path (UT). The distance a shear wave sound beam travels from the search unit test material interface to the other face of the test material and back to the original surface.
*V形路径(UT) 切变超声波束自探头测试材料的界面，至测试材料的另一面，并返回至原来表面所经过的距离。
W
weave bead. A type of weld bead made with transverse oscillation.
摆动焊道 施焊时作横向摆动的焊道类型。
weld. A localized coalescence of metals or nonmetals produced by heating the materials to the welding temperature, with or without the application of pressure or by the applications of pressure alone and with or without the use of filler material.
焊缝 将材料加热至焊接温度，使用或不使用压力而产生的金属或非金属材料的局部结合，或仅用压力实现金属或非金属材料的局部结合，上述过程使用或不使用填充材料。
weldability. The capacity of a material to be welded under the imposed fabrication conditions into a specific, suitably designed structure and to perform satisfactorily in the intended service.
焊接性 材料接受焊接的能力，即材料能否在施加的制作条件下，成为特定的、符合设计要求的结构，并满意地完成预期的使用任务的能力。
weld axis. A line through the length of a weld, perpendicular to and at the geometric center of its cross section.
焊缝轴线 通过焊缝的长度方向、垂直于焊缝横截面并位于焊缝横截面几何中心的线条。
weld bead. A weld resulting from a pass. See stringer bead and weave bead.
焊道 一次施焊形成的焊缝。见窄焊道和摆动焊道。
welder. One who performs a manual or semiautomatic welding operation.
焊工 进行手工或半自动焊接操作的人员。
welder certification. Written certification that a welder has produced welds meeting a prescribed standard of welder performance.
焊工证书 焊工加工的焊缝符合规定的焊工资格标准的书面证明。
welder performance qualification. The demonstration of a welder’s ability to produce welds meeting prescribed standards.
焊工资格评定 证明焊工加工焊缝符合规定标准的能力的鉴定。
weld face. The exposed surface of a weld on the side from which welding was done.
焊缝面 进行焊接操作一侧的焊缝外露表面。
welding. A joining process that produces coalescence of materials by heating them to the welding temperature, with or without the application of pressure or by the application of pressure alone, and with or without the use of filler metal. See also the Master Chart of Welding and Allied Processes in the latest edition of AWS A3.0.
焊接 一种使材料产生结合的连接方法，这种结合系在使用压力或不使用压力下，将材料加热到焊接温度，或单用压力来实现，并且这一过程中可使用或不使用填充材料。见最新版的AWS A3.0中的焊接和相关方法的总表（焊接和相关工艺的主图）。
welding machine. Equipment used to perform the welding operation. For example, spot welding machine, arc welding machine, and seam welding machine.
焊接机器 用以实施焊接作业的设备。例如点焊机、弧焊机、缝焊机等。
welding operator. One who operates adaptive control, automatic, mechanized, or robotic welding equipment.
自动焊工 操作适应控制、自动化、机械化或机器人的焊接设备的人员。
welding sequence. The order of making the welds in a weldment.
焊接顺序 焊件上焊缝的施焊次序。
weld pass. A single progression of welding along a joint. The result of a pass is a weld bead or layer.
焊道 焊接沿接头方向的单一行进。一次行进得到一个焊道或焊层。
weld reinforcement. Weld metal in excess of the quantity required to fill a joint.
焊缝余高 超出填满接头所需容量的那部分焊缝金属。
weld root. The points, as shown in cross section, at which the root surface intersects the base metal surfaces.
焊缝根部 在横截面图上根部表面和母材表面相交的点。
weld size.
焊缝尺寸
fillet weld size. For equal leg fillet welds, the leg lengths of the largest isosceles right triangle that can be inscribed within the fillet weld cross section. For unequal leg fillet welds, the leg lengths of the largest right triangle that can be inscribed within the fillet weld cross section.
角焊缝尺寸 对于相等焊脚的角焊缝，焊脚长度（尺寸）为焊缝横截面内的最大内接等腰直角三角形的边长。对于不等焊脚的角焊缝，焊脚长度（尺寸）则为角焊缝横截面内接的最大直角三角形的边长。
NOTE: When one member makes an angle with the other member greater than 105°, the leg length (size) is of less significance than the effective throat, which is the controlling factor for the strength of the weld.
注：当一构件与另一构件所成角度大于105°时，焊脚长度（尺寸）不如有效焊缝厚度重要，有效焊缝厚度为焊缝强度的控制因素。
groove weld size. The joint penetration of a groove weld.
坡口焊缝尺寸 坡口焊缝的接头熔深。
weld tab. Additional material that extends beyond either end of the joint, on which the weld is started or terminated.
焊缝引、熄弧板 延伸超出接头任何一方的端部，用来开始或终止焊缝的附加材料。
weld toe. The junction of the weld face and the base metal.
焊趾 焊缝表面和母材的接合处。
weldment. An assembly whose component parts are joined by welding.
焊件 通过焊接将组成构件连接起来的装配件（总成）。
WPS qualification. The demonstration that welds made by a specific procedure can meet prescribed standards.
焊接工艺规程评定 焊缝用特定的工艺加工而符合规定标准的论证。
* welding procedure specification (WPS). A document providing the detailed methods and practices involved in the production of a weldment.
*焊接工艺规程(WPS) 提供生产焊件所涉及的详细方法和作法的文件。
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